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ڷ (÷ܱ (2002. 7))
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߸ǰ ڷ 쿬 ġ Ž ʸ Ͽ. 1945 , ÷ ȸ ̽ÿ(Raytheon)翡 ̴(radar, radio detection and ranging) ִ 漭(Percy LeBaron Spencer) ̴ ϴ ũ ġ ׳Ʈ(magnetron) տ ִٰ ָӴϿ ־ ִ ߰ϰ ȴ.
ũĿ ̶ ״ ׳Ʈ Ƣ ް 迡 ũķ 丮 Ȯߴ. ̴ ũĸ ̿߱ ǰ߿ ̽ÿ» ڷ ̸ ̴(radarange) , ݵ ȸ Ƹ(Amana) ϴ ̸ ϰ ִ.[1,2] ̴ ڷٴ ũ ̶ ̸ θ ̰ ִ. ڷ ó ߴ.
ũⰡ ߰ ׳Ʈ ð ð ġؾ ߱ ̾. Դٰ μ Ĵĭ DZ ߰ ǰ 1967 DZ ߴ.[3]
׳Ʈа ũ
1. ڱ
ϰ ϰ Ǹ ð ϴ ڱ ÿ . ϴ ڱ ϴ ڱ . ڱ ϸ , ϸ ڱ ϴ ݺϴµ, ̰ ǰ Ǿ ڱ ĵ · µ ̿ ĵ ڱ(electromagnetic wave)̴.
(ñ) ڱ̸ ӵ ϹǷ ũ ӵ ϴ. ڱĴ ļ Ŭ ū, ũĺ ū ڱķδ ġῡ Ǵ (-ray), Ƿܿ Ǵ X(X-ray), տ ̴ ڿܼ(ultraviolet), ñ, ߽ð濡 ̿Ǵ ܼ(infrared) ִ. ũĺ ڱĿ ڷ FM(frequency modulation) ۿ ̴ VHF(very high frequency) , ۿ Ǵ HF(high frequency) ġϰ ִ.[4] ũĴ ֱ ȭε ǰ ִ.
2. ׳Ʈ
̿ ũĸ ġ ׳Ʈ ̸ ɿ ѷ Ǿ ִ. ̸, ٱ ؿ ϰ Ѵ. ̿ ÿ ܺ ڱ ɾ ̰ ڱ ǵ ش.[5]
ؿ ڸ Ű ġ ־ ϴµ 밳 ڸ Ų. ؿ Ƣ ڴ ϴµ 忡 ӵǹǷ ð ӵ Ŀ ȴ. ڱ ϴ ڿ ֱ η ް ȴ. ũ Ϸ*ӵڱ(F=qvB)̸ ̴. Ƿ ڴ ٷ ϰ ذ ȸϴ Ѵ.
⼭ ڱ ũ ؿ ɸ ũ⸦ ϸ ڴ ؿ ϰ ȸ ϰ ȴ. ڰ ׳Ʈ ο ϸ ϸ ӿ̹Ƿ ڱİ ϴ ̴.
3. ڷ Ĺ
1. Ǵ ũ
ڷ ũĸ ̿ Ѵ. Ĺ ϴ ϱ. ũĴ 1 mm 1 m ڱķ ª , ݻ, , . ݻ νϵ, ǥ ݻ ũĸ ű Ͽ 縦 ˾Ƴµ ִ.
̿ ̴ 2 ⸦ ϴ ߵǾ װ ž Ǿ, Ŀ ΰε θ ̰ Ǿ ظ ڿ ġǾ ִ.[6]
ũĴ ļ ʴĺ ־ ̳ UHF(ultra high frequency) ڷ ߰迡 ̿ȴ. UHF ڷ VHF ڷ ۺ ֹ źҴɻ° . UHF ſ VHF ۺ ̴. ̴ ǥ ڿ ִ κ ״(shadow) Ǿ ʴ´. ڷ ϴ ũĴ ļ
2,450MHz ķ 12 cm ȴ.
2. ũķ ϱ
ũĴ , , ݼӿ ݻǸ ȴ. ȴٴ ũİ ȴٴ ؼ ڰ ڱ ļ ȸϿ Ű Ѵ.
ڴ ҿ ϳ ҿ ε ū ҿڰ ڽ ҿڴ 缺 . ڴ ܺο Ѵ. 1ʿ 2,45109 ϴ ũİ Ƿ ڵ ŭ ȸϰ ڿ δ볢 ϰ Ǵ ̴.
äҵ Ĺ κ Ǿ Ƿ ũķ Ĺ ̾.
3. ũĸ ɱ
̴ UHF ڷ 츮 ֺ ũİ ü Ÿ ʰ ִ. ̴ ũİ а ġ ϱ ̴. ֵ, ڷ ũĸ ̴. ̷ ũĸ ()ε, δ ݼ Ǿ ǰ ũĸ ݻѴ.
ũĸ ݻϸ鼭 ü ط ʾ ο ִ ݼδ η ƿ ö ִ. ׳Ʈп ũİ ϰ, ο ũİ ִ ǵ ϴ ͵ ߿ϴ. Ǿ ־ ũĿ Ǹ ־ Ǹ Ƿ ؾ ϳ, ڷ Ǿ Ƿ Ƚص ȴ.
ڷ ο ũĴ ݻ縦 Ŀ ݻİ ռǹǷ ȴ. Ĺ ϱ ũĸ ̰ų Ĺ ȸϴ Ѵ. Ĺ Ʒκе ǵ ϱ ڷ ô ũİ ϴ , ݼӿ⳪ ݼװ ִ ʴ´.
4. ٸ ⱸ ̴ ϱ
ǰ ϱ ؼ ؾ ϴµ Ϲ ġ ǰܺο ϴ ̴. ǰ ð ̱ µ ̸ Ѱ µ簡 Ÿ ıDZ .
ڷ ϰ Ǹ ũİ ǰηκ Ű ս ð ª Ǹ Ư Ÿ ı ִ.7) ο ϹǷ ް ׳ 丮ϰ Ǹ ǹǷ ٿִ ġ ʿ 쵵 ִ. ̷ õǰ ص ȴ.
[1] http://www.raytheon.com/
[2] http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsR-Z/spencer.html
[3] http://www.gallawa.com/microtech/history.html
[4] Cheng, D. K., Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics, (Addison-Wesley, 1993).
[5] http://www.gallawa.com/microtech/magnetron.html
[6] http://kr.encycl.yahoo.com/final.html?id=54964
[7] http://kr.encycl.yahoo.com/final.html?id=134953
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