ۼ : 11-01-05 17:18
ڷ (÷ܱ (2002. 7))
 ۾ : ȯ
ȸ : 6,014  
߸ǰ ׷ ڷ 쿬 ġ Ž ʸ Ͽ. 1945 , ÷ ȸ ̽ÿ(Raytheon)翡 ̴(radar, radio detection and ranging) ִ 漭(Percy LeBaron Spencer) ̴ ϴ ũ ġ ׳Ʈ(magnetron) տ ִٰ ָӴϿ ־ ִ ߰ϰ ȴ.

 

ũĿ ̶ ״ ׳Ʈ Ƣ ް 迡 ũķ 丮 Ȯߴ. ̴ ũĸ ̿߱ ǰ߿ ̽ÿ» ڷ ̸ ̴(radarange) , ݵ ȸ Ƹ(Amana) ϴ ̸ ϰ ִ.[1,2] ׷ ̴ ڷٴ ũ ̶ ̸ θ ̰ ִ. ڷ ó ߴ.

 

ũⰡ ߰ ׳Ʈ ð ð ġؾ ߱ ̾. Դٰ μ Ĵĭ  DZ ߰ ǰ 1967 ޵DZ ߴ.[3]

 

׳Ʈа ũ

 

1. ڱ ߻

 

ϰ  ϰ Ǹ ð ϴ ڱ ÿ . ϴ ڱ ϴ ڱ . ڱ ϸ , ϸ ڱ ߻ϴ ݺϴµ, ̰ ǰ Ǿ ڱ ĵ · µ ̿ ĵ ڱ(electromagnetic wave)̴.

 

(ñ) ڱ̸ ӵ ϹǷ ũ ӵ ϴ. ڱĴ ļ Ŭ ū, ũĺ ū ڱķδ ġῡ Ǵ (-ray), Ƿܿ Ǵ X(X-ray), տ ̴ ڿܼ(ultraviolet), ñ, ߽ð濡 ̿Ǵ ܼ(infrared) ִ. ũĺ ڱĿ ڷ FM(frequency modulation) ۿ ̴ VHF(very high frequency) , ۿ Ǵ HF(high frequency) ġϰ ִ.[4] ũĴ ֱ ޴ȭε ǰ ִ.

 

2. ׳Ʈ

 

⿡ ̿ ũĸ  ġ ׳Ʈ ̸ ɿ ѷ Ǿ ִ. ̸, ٱ ؿ ϰ Ѵ. ̿ ÿ ܺ ڱ ɾ ̰ ڱ ǵ ش.[5]

 

ؿ ڸ ߻Ű ġ ־ ϴµ 밳 ڸ ߻Ų. ؿ Ƣ ڴ ϴµ 忡 ӵǹǷ ð ӵ Ŀ ȴ. ׷ ڱ ϴ ڿ ֱ η ް ȴ. ũ Ϸ*ӵڱ(F=qvB)̸ ̴. ׷Ƿ ڴ ٷ ϰ ذ ȸϴ Ѵ.

 

⼭ ڱ ũ ؿ ɸ ũ⸦ ϸ ڴ ؿ ϰ ȸ  ϰ ȴ. ڰ ׳Ʈ ο  ϸ ϸ ӿ̹Ƿ ڱİ ߻ϴ ̴.

 

3. ڷ Ĺ

 

1. Ǵ ũ

 

ڷ ũĸ ̿ Ѵ.  Ĺ ϴ ϱ. ũĴ 1 mm 1 m ڱķ ª , ݻ, , .  󿡼 ݻ νϵ, ǥ ݻ ũĸ ű Ͽ 縦 ˾Ƴµ ִ.

 

̿ ̴ 2 ⸦ ϴ ߵǾ װ ž Ǿ, Ŀ ΰε θ ̰ Ǿ ظ ڿ ġǾ ִ.[6]

 

ũĴ ļ ʴĺ ־ ̳ UHF(ultra high frequency) ڷ ߰迡 ̿ȴ. UHF ڷ VHF ڷ ۺ ֹ źҴɻ° . UHF ſ VHF ۺ ̴. ̴ ǥ ڿ ִ κ ״(shadow) Ǿ ʴ´. ڷ ϴ ũĴ ļ

2,450MHz ķ 12 cm ȴ.

 

2. ũķ ϱ

 

ũĴ , , ݼӿ ݻǸ ȴ. ȴٴ ũİ ޵ȴٴ ؼ ڰ ڱ ļ ȸϿ ߻Ű Ѵ.

 

ڴ ҿ ϳ ҿ ε ū ҿڰ ڽ ҿڴ 缺 . ڴ ܺο ޾ Ѵ. 1ʿ 2,45109 ϴ ũİ Ƿ ڵ ŭ ȸϰ ڿ δ볢 ߻ϰ Ǵ ̴.

 

äҵ Ĺ κ Ǿ Ƿ ũķ ߻ Ĺ ̾.

 

3. ũĸ ɱ

 

̴ UHF ڷ 츮 ֺ ũİ ü Ÿ ʰ ִ. ̴ ũİ а ġ ϱ ̴. ޺ ֵ, ڷ ũĸ ̴. ̷ ũĸ ()ε, δ ݼ Ǿ ǰ ũĸ ݻѴ.

 

ũĸ ݻϸ鼭 ü ط ʾ ο ִ ݼδ η ƿ ö ִ. ׳Ʈп ߻ ũİ ϰ, ο ũİ  ִ ǵ ϴ ͵ ߿ϴ. Ǿ ־ ũĿ Ǹ ־ Ǹ Ƿ ؾ ϳ, ڷ Ǿ Ƿ Ƚص ȴ.

 

ڷ ο ũĴ ݻ縦 Ŀ ݻİ ռǹǷ ȴ. Ĺ ϱ ũĸ ̰ų Ĺ ȸϴ Ѵ. Ĺ Ʒκе ǵ ϱ ڷ ô ũİ ϴ , ݼӿ⳪ ݼװ ִ ʴ´.

 

4. ٸ ⱸ ̴ ϱ

 

ǰ ϱ ؼ ؾ ϴµ Ϲ ġ ǰܺο ϴ ̴. ׷ ǰ ð ̱ µ ̸ Ѱ µ簡 Ÿ ıDZ .

 

ڷ ϰ Ǹ ũİ ǰηκ ߻Ű ս ð ª Ǹ Ư Ÿ ı ִ.7) ο ߻ϹǷ ް ׳ 丮ϰ Ǹ ǹǷ ٿִ ġ ʿ 쵵 ִ. ̷ õǰ ص ȴ.

 



 

[1] http://www.raytheon.com/

[2] http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsR-Z/spencer.html

[3] http://www.gallawa.com/microtech/history.html

[4] Cheng, D. K., Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics, (Addison-Wesley, 1993).

[5] http://www.gallawa.com/microtech/magnetron.html

[6] http://kr.encycl.yahoo.com/final.html?id=54964

[7] http://kr.encycl.yahoo.com/final.html?id=134953