ƽ ڱ ̷
(ther or ether) Ҹ.
ö(Platon) Ƽ̿(Timaeus) ̴. ϰ ż ⡯ ʸ ΰ ó Ҹ ŵ ȣϴ ǰ ߴ.
ó õ Ǵ ָ ä ִ п Ƶδ. ĵ Ҵ 忡 Ⱑ Ű . (Isaac Newton, 1643~1727) ڷ Ҵµ 縦 ߴµ ڽ ߷ Ű ʿ߱ ̾. ڵ鵵 ó ߴ ̴.
ó ä ִٰ Ǿ 20 ʿ 簡 DZ ༺ ǥ ƴ϶ ϴ ذ̱ ߴ. ڶ Ƽ, ϴ ĵ̶ κ ǹҴ ϵ ü ʾҴ ̴. ¾Ӱ ߷ Űü ϱ ̴.
ʿ ϴ ĵ ־. ܸ(Hans Christian Oersted, 1777~1851) 1920 ڼ ġ ߰ϰ, 1921 з(Michael Faraday, 1791~1867) ڼ ̸ 帣 ´ٴ ˾Ƴ± ̾. ̺(Lord Kelvin(William Thomson), 1824~1907) 1847 ǥ ڱ̶ 鼭 ؼ ĵȴٰ ߴ. ڱ Ų ڴ ƽ(James Clerk Maxwell, 1831~1879), 1865 ڱ Ⱦ źķ ӵ ٴ ´. ̷ Ǹ, ڱ ȴ.
츣 ڱ ڴ ǿȭ
츮 ƽ ߰ Կ ־ װ ĸ ִ Ѵ.
ƽ ̷п ڱĸ 츣(Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857~1894) ̴. ̽(Albert Abraham Michelson, 1852~1931) (Edward Williams Morley, 1838~1923) ʴ , ƽ ڱĸ 츣(Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857~1894) ̷ źڿ. 츣 ڻ ︧Ȧ(Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, 1821~1894) ȿ ƽ ڱĸ Ű , ؼ ϴ ĵ̶ ߴ.
⸮ ļ (1츣 1ʿ ϴ ļ ) ̸ 츣 1888, < 1> ۽ű(transmitter) ũ (spark gap) Ͽ (radio frequency) ĸ ϰ, ̷κ ĸ Ų. Ĵ Ͽ ׳(loop antenna) ũ ű(receiver) ȴ. Ⱑ ϰ Ǿ ϸ ӵ ϴٰ ǵ⸦ ݺϴ Σ ̿ ġ.
츣 ڱĸ ǿ ڴ(Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1874~1937) (Nikola Tesla, 1856~1943). η 뺧 1895 ڴϿ 2 ռ 1893 ſ ߴٴ ִ. ̱ Ư㵵 1900 (US Patent 763,772) ڴϺ 1897 (US Patent 645,576)ߴ , ̴ 1943 ̱ ̹Ƿ Ǵ ߸ ư Ѵٴ ִ.
ڴ Ư (British Patent No. 12,039, Improvements in Transmitling Electrical impulses and Signals, and in Apparatus therefor) ̱(US Patent 586,193, Transmitting electrical signals) 1896 ̷, 1900 Ư ڴ Ư ϳ Ұϱ ű ڷμ ڴ ϴٴ ǰṮ(US Supreme Court, 1943, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. of America v. United Status". 320 US 1. Nos. 369, 373, April 9-12) õ ̴. ٸ, ſ ߱ ڷ ڴ 嵵 .
ڴ δ ǿȭ ȭ ߴٴ ִ. 1898 Ⱦϴ 50km ۿ ߰, 1900 121km ִ ٴ ſ ڴϴ 1901 뼭 Ⱦϴ 5,000km ű Ѵ. б з ο ڴϴ ձ۱ İ Ͽ ǥ ȣ ִ Ÿ 320km Ŷ ڵ ߴµ, Ľȣ 뼭Ⱦ ߴ 簡 Ⱑ DZ ߴ.
20 ʹݺ ߸ پ ŵ ڴϴ Ƹ߾ ڿ Ұϴٴ DZ ߴµ, ָ ĽýƮ翡 ϴ ̰ Ҵ.
ƽ ڱ ̷ 츣 ǰ ̾ ڴϿ ǿȭ õ ڴ ۽ġ ϴ Ĵ ذ鼭 ްϰ Ͽ ġ ȣ ϱ . Դٰ ȣ ص ٸ ۽ġ ۵Ǵ Ŀ ؼ Ȯ ־. ߰ ñ ߷ ̾ ڿ ڴϰ ȥڼ 庮 ߴ. ڱа ĵ̷ ʿ.
ؼ ں ϴ ü ߶ ϴ (Karl Ferdinand Braun, 1850~1918) ذϴ ɴ. < 4, 5> Ư(US Patent 750,429, Wireless electric transmission of signals over surfaces, US Patent 763345, Means for tuning and adjusting electric circuits) ֵ, ۽ű ȸ(closed tuned circuit) ϰ ̸ ׳ иϴ Ͽ. Ư Ư õ ڴ ȸ翡 ǽ, ƴ϶ ߿ η 1909 뺧 л ڴϿ ϰ ȴ.
۽ġ ϴ İ ġ ȿ . ۽ġ ġ ļ Ű ٸ ļ ٸ ۽ġκ ĵ Ű ּȭǾ Ÿ ϰ Ǿ.
ȭ
ڱĿ ȣ Ǿ ̹Ƿ ȣ ̴. (Samuel Finley Breese Morse, 1791~1872) ̹ 1844 D.C. Ƽ ̿ ȣ ְҴ. ȣ ִ ۿ Ƿ, Ŀ ϱ ۵Ǿ. ȣ 1892 (Alexander Graham Bell, 1847~1922) ī ϴ Ÿ ȭ Ÿ ۿ ߱ ̴.
켱 ۽ű ް Ǿ 伾(Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, 1866~1932) 1906 (AM, amplitude modulation) ſ ְ Ǿ. 1909 ѵ(Charles David Herrold, 1875~1948) ׳ ű⸦ ȣ ij(narrowcasting) پѾ ű ÿ ȣ Ͽ.
1912 Ͼ ū ̾ ŸŸ ȣ ū 1913 ػ ȸǡ Ǿ ۱ 24ð ž Ѵٴ DZ ߴ. ħ 1933, ϽƮ(Edwin Howard Armstrong, 1890~1954) ļ (FM, frequency modulation) Ư㸦 ȹѴ. ñ ̰ ִ ϼ ̴.
۽ű Բ ű ϸ, ϴ ܾ ű ǹ̸ Բ ȴ. ű ű⿴ ε (Jagdish Chandra Bose, 1858~1937) ĸ ϱ ݵü (semiconductor Junction) ̿ 濬(galena) Ͽ ϰ 1904 Ư(US Patent 755,840 Detector for electrical disturbances) ϹҴ. ̾ 1905 ڴ ȸ ÷(John Ambrose Reming, 1849~1945) Ư(US Patent 803,684, Instrument for converting atternating electric currents into continuous currents) ȹϿ ȣ ű .
Ŵ ϳ ۽ű ȣ ̸ ٽ ű ƾ ߴ 1 1 ۼ ű ϳ ۱ ű ȣ 1 ټ Ͽ. Һǰ ű Ʈͱ ̿Ͽ 밡 ۾. ٽ 1 1 ۼ ʿ. Ѷ (Martin Cooper, 1928~) 1973 귯 ڷĿ´̼ ħ ߰⸦ ̿ ۼű⸦ ȭ߰, ̴ ȣ ƴ϶ ͱ Բ ְ Ʈ Ͽ.
|