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׸ ̷п ȭ
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   [а]COLUMN_ʰп ǿȭ_׸ ̷п ȭ_Dec.2016.pdf (5.3M) [4] DATE : 2017-03-02 14:27:33
   http://ebook.kofst.or.kr/book/201612/#page=88 [1899]


ƽ ڱ ̷


׸(ther or ether) Ҹ.
ö(Platon) Ƽ̿(Timaeus) ̴. ׸ ϰ ż ⡯ ׸ ʸ ΰ ó Ҹ ŵ ȣϴ ǰ ߴ.


ó õ Ǵ ׸ ָ ä ִ п ޾Ƶδ. ĵ Ҵ 忡 Ⱑ Ű ׸ . (Isaac Newton, 1643~1727) ڷ Ҵµ ׸ 縦 ߴµ ڽ ߷ Ű ʿ߱ ̾. ڵ鵵 ó ߴ ̴.


ó ä ִٰ Ǿ ׸ 20 ʿ 簡 DZ ༺ ǥ ƴ϶ ϴ ذ̱⵵ ߴ. ׷ ڶ Ƽ, ׸ ϴ ĵ̶ κ ǹ޾Ҵ ϵ ׸ ü ʾҴ ̴. ׸ ¾Ӱ ߷ Űü ϱ ̴.


׸ ʿ ϴ ĵ ־. ܸ׵(Hans Christian Oersted, 1777~1851) 1920⿡ ڼ ġ ߰ϰ, 1921⿡ з(Michael Faraday, 1791~1867) ڼ ̸ 帣 ޴´ٴ ˾Ƴ± ̾. ̺(Lord Kelvin(William Thomson), 1824~1907) 1847⿡ ǥ ڱ̶ 鼭 ׸ ؼ ĵȴٰ ߴ. ڱ Ų ڴ ƽ(James Clerk Maxwell, 1831~1879), 1865⿡ ׸ ڱ Ⱦ źķ ӵ ٴ ´. ̷ Ǹ, ׸ ڱ ȴ.




츣 ڱ ڴ ǿȭ


츮 𿡳 ƽ ߰ Կ ׸ ־ װ ĸ ִ Ѵ.


ƽ ̷п ڱĸ 츣(Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857~1894) ̴. ׸ ̽(Albert Abraham Michelson, 1852~1931) (Edward Williams Morley, 1838~1923) ʴ , ƽ ڱĸ 츣(Heinrich Rudolf Hertz, 1857~1894) ׸ ̷ źڿ. 츣 ڻ ︧Ȧ(Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz, 1821~1894) ȿ ƽ ڱĸ Ű , ؼ ׸ ϴ ĵ̶ ߴ.


⸮ ļ (1츣 1ʿ ϴ ļ ) ̸ 츣 1888, <׸ 1> ۽ű(transmitter) ũ (spark gap) Ͽ (radio frequency) ĸ ϰ, ̷κ ĸ Ų. Ĵ Ͽ ׳(loop antenna) ũ ű(receiver) ȴ. Ⱑ ϰ Ǿ ϸ ⿡ ӵ ϴٰ ǵ⸦ ݺϴ Σ ̿ ġ.


츣 ڱĸ ǿ  ڴ(Guglielmo Giovanni Maria Marconi, 1874~1937) ׽(Nikola Tesla, 1856~1943). η 뺧 1895⿡ ڴϿ ׽ 2 ռ 1893⿡ ſ ߴٴ ִ. ̱ Ư㵵 1900⿡ (US Patent 763,772) ڴϺ 1897⿡ (US Patent 645,576)ߴ ׽ , ̴ 1943⿡ ̱ ̹Ƿ Ǵ ߸ ׽󿡰 ư Ѵٴ ִ.


ڴ Ư (British Patent No. 12,039, Improvements in Transmitling Electrical impulses and Signals, and in Apparatus therefor) ̱(US Patent 586,193, Transmitting electrical signals) ׽󺸴 1896⿡ ̷, 1900 Ư ڴ Ư ϳ Ұϱ ű ڷμ ڴ ϴٴ ǰṮ(US Supreme Court, 1943, Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co. of America v. United Status". 320 US 1. Nos. 369, 373, April 9-12) õ ̴. ٸ, ׽ ſ ߱ ׸ ڷ ڴ 嵵 .


ڴ δ ǿȭ ȭ ߴٴ ִ. 1898⿡ Ⱦϴ 50km ۿ ߰, 1900⿡ 121km ִ ٴ ԰ ſ ڴϴ 1901⿡ 뼭 Ⱦϴ 5,000km ű Ѵ. б з ο ڴϴ ձ۱ İ Ͽ ǥ ȣ ִ Ÿ 320km Ŷ ڵ ߴµ, Ľȣ 뼭Ⱦ ׶ ߴ 簡 Ⱑ DZ⵵ ߴ.


20 ʹݺ ߸ پ ŵ ڴϴ Ƹ߾ ڿ Ұϴٴ DZ⵵ ߴµ, ⿡ ָ ĽýƮ翡 ϴ ̰ Ҵ.





ƽ ڱ ̷ 츣 ǰ ̾ ڴϿ ǿȭ õ ڴ ۽ġ ϴ Ĵ ذ鼭 ްϰ Ͽ ġ ȣ ϱ . Դٰ ȣ ص ٸ ۽ġ ߼۵Ǵ Ŀ ؼ Ȯ ־. ߰ ñ⿡ ߷ ̾ ڿ ڴϰ ȥڼ 庮 ߴ. ڱа ĵ̷ ʿ.


ؼ ں ϴ ü ߶ ϴ (Karl Ferdinand Braun, 1850~1918) ذϴ ɴ. <׸ 4, 5> Ư(US Patent 750,429, Wireless electric transmission of signals over surfaces, US Patent 763345, Means for tuning and adjusting electric circuits) ֵ, ۽ű⿡ ȸ(closed tuned circuit) ϰ ̸ ׳ иϴ Ͽ. Ư Ư õ ڴ ȸ翡 ǽ, ƴ϶ ߿ η 1909 뺧 л ڴϿ ϰ ȴ.


۽ġ ߼ϴ İ ġ ȿ . ۽ġ ġ ļ Ű ٸ ļ ٸ ۽ġκ ĵ Ű ּȭǾ Ÿ ϰ Ǿ.




ȭ


ڱĿ ȣ Ǿ ̹Ƿ ȣ ̴. (Samuel Finley Breese Morse, 1791~1872) ̹ 1844⿡ D.C. Ƽ ̿ ȣ ְ޾Ҵ. ׷ 𽺺ȣ ִ ۿ Ƿ, Ŀ ϱ ۵Ǿ. ȣ 1892⿡ (Alexander Graham Bell, 1847~1922) ī ϴ Ÿ ȭ Ÿ ۿ ߱ ̴.


켱 ۽ű ް Ǿ 伾(Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, 1866~1932) 1906⿡ (AM, amplitude modulation) ſ ְ Ǿ. 1909⿡ ѵ(Charles David Herrold, 1875~1948) ׳  ű⸦ ȣ ij(narrowcasting) پѾ ű ÿ ȣ Ͽ.


1912⿡ Ͼ ū ̾ ŸŸ ȣ ū ⿩ 1913⿡ ػ󿡼 ȸǡ Ǿ ۱ 24ð ž Ѵٴ DZ⵵ ߴ. ħ 1933, ϽƮ(Edwin Howard Armstrong, 1890~1954) ļ (FM, frequency modulation) Ư㸦 ȹѴ. ñ ̰ ִ ϼ ̴.


۽ű Բ ű ϸ, ϴ ܾ ű ǹ̸ Բ ȴ. ű ű⿴ ε (Jagdish Chandra Bose, 1858~1937) ĸ ϱ ݵü (semiconductor Junction) ̿ 濬(galena) Ͽ ϰ 1904⿡ Ư(US Patent 755,840 Detector for electrical disturbances) Ϲ޾Ҵ. ̾ 1905⿡ ڴ ȸ ÷(John Ambrose Reming, 1849~1945) Ư(US Patent 803,684, Instrument for converting atternating electric currents into continuous currents) ȹϿ ȣ ű .


Ŵ ϳ ۽ű ȣ ̸ ٽ ű ޾ƾ ߴ 1 1 ۼ ű ϳ ۱ ű ȣ 1 ټ Ͽ. Һǰ ű Ʈͱ ̿Ͽ ޴밡 ۾. ٽ 1 1 ۼ ʿ. Ѷ (Martin Cooper, 1928~) 1973 귯 ڷĿ´̼ ħ ߰⸦ ̿ ۼű⸦ ޴ ȭ߰, ̴ ȣ ƴ϶ ͱ Բ ְ޴ Ʈ Ͽ.