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Ư


, ׸ ڿ.

⿡ (LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)"̶ (Gordon Gould, 1920~2005) Ư㸦 ޱ Ư ̸ 30 ¸ ̲ ̷ ɸ ˾ҳĴ ް ̶ Ѵ. ׷ ð ɸ ̸ ˾Ҵ Ƹ ʾ ִ. ⿡ 30 ο ־, 30 Ŀ 忡 ŵξ̴ Է(royalty) û⿡ ⻵ 忡Դ ҿ Բ .


Ȱߴ ġȸ(communist political association) ź ź Ʈ ߴٰ ذǴ° ϸ(1944.3~ 1945.1), ΰ TRG(Technical Research Group) ΰ ϴٰ 㰡 ܵDZ⵵ ߴ. Դٰ 1957⿡ Ͽ Ʈ ϰ, ۵ϴ ġ Ư ִ ߸ ˰ 2̳ 1959⿡ ϴ Ǽ ߴ. ̶ , ᱹ 嵵 ۵ϴ ƴϾ.


׷ 尡 Ư ̱⵵ ߴ ġ 1960⿡ ̷. 뺧 Ÿ ε ƴϾ, Ư 嵵 ƴ, װȸ(Hughes Aircraft Company) ̾ ̸(Theodore Harold Maiman, 1927~2007) ΰ̾.




νŸ ̷


(Niels Henrik David Bohr, 1885~1962) ڿ ӹڵ ڴ Ư ¿ , ( Ǵ ) ִٰ (ٴڻ Ǵ ) ̿ شϴ ĵ ϰ ȴ. ̷ ڿ Ǵ ڹ߹(spontaneous emission)̶ ϸ, ұĢ Ͼ ȴ. νŸ(Albert Einstein, 1879~1955) ڰ ĵ ϸ ݵ ׿ Ǵ ĵ ؾ ϸ, ĵ ڸ ĵ ϰ ִٰ Ҵ. ̷ (induced emission) Ǵ ڱع(stimulated emission)̴. ᱹ ұĢϰ Ͼ ִ ڹ߹ Ŀ ĵ ̿ ڱ ִٴ п Ѵ.


ĵ ÿ ǹǷ ĵ (node) (anti-node) ġ ϸ Ŀ ϴ. , ĵ 1953 Ÿ ־. ̴ Ϲ ǿ ڴ ¿ Ƿ κ ¿ ֱ ̴.  ܺ ڱ ĵ Ի 쿡 ¿ ڰ ʾƼ ĵ ĵ ũ ʾ ̴. ĵ ĵ ĵ Ŀ߸ Ͼ , ¿ ġϴ ڰ ں ƾ߸ ؼ̴. ó ¿ ڰ Ҿ ¸ е ¶ Ѵ.


Ÿ ϸϾƿ ڱ ũ 뿪 ĵ ϴ ݿ е ¸ , ִ . Ÿ ũ ټ(Nikolay Gennadiyevich Basov, 1922~2001) ȣ(Alexander Michael Prochoroff, 1916~2002) ̿ ʸ ڷ о ޾ 1964 뺧 л ϰ ȴ. ټ ȣ ̷п 1952⿡ ǥϿ, Ÿ 1953⿡ ϸϾ ũ ϰ 1954 Ǿ ȸ Ͽ. ټ ȣ ̷а Ÿ Բ ̾, ̷п ̸ Դ Ÿ ĺ Ư ǥ Ű ȴ.




Ǵ


ݷҺƴ(Columbia University) ڻ л̾ ˷ ִ , Ǵ ¿ ִ ڸ · ø ϴ, (optical pumping) е 1956⿡ Ͽ. ݷҺƴ ŸԵ ϴ , ؼ ̿ Ͽ. 1957⿡ ΰ Բ ݻ ſ ̿ (cavity) δ к긮- (Fabry - p‧rot interferometer) (optical resonator) ϼϰ ̸ Ʈ ϸ鼭 (LASER, Laght Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) .


ſ ̿ -׿ ü ְ ſ£ ݻϸ鼭 ü ̸ ؼ Ѳ Ͼ ϴ ȭϿ. ׷ Ǹ ļ ϹǷ ´(coherent) ϰ ȴ. ƽԵ Ư㸦 ä ۾ Ͽ. ߸ ¶ ¿ Ư ϴٴ ߱ ̾.


(MASER) ׷ ο ׻ ڰ ְ ̴. ٳ Ÿ ϰ ־ ƴ϶ 尡 밡ɼ ϱ ߴ. 尡 ߸ ϼϰ ʰ ִ 1958⿡ Ÿ ܵ PRODUCTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY(US Patent 2,879,439) Ư߰, ο ߸ (Bell Telephone Laboratories) MASERS AND MASER COMMUNICATIONS(US Patent 2,929,922) ƯϿ. 2 Ư 1960⿡ Ϲ޾Ҵ.


1959 4 6Ͽ 2 Ư㸦 ̹ Ÿ ΰ ؼ Ư Ǵ Ȳ . 忡Ե ־ ̱ Ư ߸ڰ ΰ ߸Ǹ ϰ ־. Ưû ϴ ڿ Ư ִ ǿ ޸ ߸Ǵ Ʈ ߸ ߸ Ư Ǹ Ѵ.


忡 Ҵ ΰ ߴ ̸ (optical maser) ƴ, (laser) 1959⿡ ġ ̸ äõǾ ޾Ƶ鿩ٴ ̴.





Ÿ, ׸ 尡 ϴ ̿ ߸ ̸տ ư. ٸ ڵ ü ϴ ü  ϴ ̾. 1960 5 16 η ź ̾. ̸ ̸ Ư Ͽ Ϲ޾Ұ(̱Ư 3,353,115), ϴ ȸ(Korad Corporation) Ͽ.


Ÿ 뺧 ް ʹ߸ ̸ Ȳ Ư Ư Ҽ . ׷, Ʈ ռ ߸ ̹ ϼ ߸ ִ ΰ . Ư Ҹ 尡 1967⿡ TRG縦 ڿ ̾. ׷ٰ 1970⿡ TRG縦 μ CDC(control Data Corporations)κ ڽ Ư㸦 ǻ̰, ڽ ߴ Ư ϵ ٽɺǰ Ư㸦 ޴ Ѵ.


尡 ο ־ ̱ Ư ɻ ߿ ̶ û Ͽ ϴ ƴ϶ ο û ϴ Բ ο ϴ Ϻΰ ϱ ̾. ̾ 1959⿡ ߴ Ư㸦 ٰŷ 4 ο Ư㸦 ߰ Ϲ޾Ҵ. <׸ 3> Ư 1974⿡ Ͽ 1977⿡ ̱Ư 4,053,845 Ϲ޾Ұ, 1977⿡ METHOD OF ENGINEERING MATERIAL Ͽ 1979⿡ ̱Ư 4,161,436 Ϲ޾Ҵ. ̹ۿ 1977 1978⿡ ϳ Ͽ 1987 (̱Ư 4,704,201) 1988(̱ Ư 4,746,201) Ϲ޴´.


尡 ó Ư㸦 1959 Ư㸦 Ϲ 1988 30 ɸ ε, ̿ Ը û Ͽ. Դٰ Ư ƯϺ 20 ǹǷ 30 ڿ Ư㸦 ޾ ƹ ҿ뵵 ÿ ƯϺ 17 Ư Ǿ. Ư㺰 1977, 1979. 1987 ׸ 1988 17⾿ ƯḦ ް 漮 ɾҰ, Ҽ۴븮 80% . 1979⿡ Ư ϴ ȸ Patlex Ͽ, 30 ų 1.200鸸 ޷ ƯḦ 鿴.


νŸ ũ ϰ (MASER) ߰ ̷ Ͽ. ǰ а ао ƴ϶ Ȱ ǿ ġ ʼǰ Ǿ, CD DVD ÷̾ Ǵ ڵ ýó ֺ 𿡼 츮 ̰ ִ Һ ִ.