2016 8, 100 뺧 ڵ ȯü ǽ ۹ Ȳ (Golden Rice) ݴϴ ߶ ûߴ. ̵ (GMO) ϴ Ȩ(www.supportprecisionagricilture.org) ϰ GMO ȫ Բ ߰ ڸ ε, 2017 6 뺧 ڴ 124 þ.
Ȳ ѷ
Ȳ Ÿ A Ÿīƾ(C40H56) ϴ ǰ , ƽþƿ ī ߱ ϴ ŸA (Vitamin A Deficiency, VAD) ִ. 2017 躸DZⱸ(WHO) ڷῡ 2 5õ Ƶ ŸA ΰ , ų 25 50 Ƶ ð ǰ ÷ 12 ̳ Ѵٰ Ѵ.
Ÿīƾ Ȳ ̶ ̸ , ̸ ĺ ôȴ. Ʈ(Ingo Potrykus, 1933~) ̾(Peter Beyer, 1952~) Ư(US Patent 7838749) Ǹ ٱ Ÿ(Syngenta) ѱ εǶ ϱ ߴ. ߸ڿ Ÿ ߱ Ȳ ϰų ļӿ ǰ ΰǴ ƯḦ ϱ Ͽ, l ε ̱ Ưǥû(USPTO) 2015 η Ư(Patents for Humanity Award 2015) ϱ ߴ.
ǽ Ȳ ҿ ݴϴ°? Ȳ 1984 ʸɿ ȸǿ ȵǾ, 緯 Ŀ (Conventional Breeding) ̸ Ͽ. ̿Ͽ Ȳ ϴ , ߿ (GM) ٲپ ߿ ߱ ̴. ̸ Ҹ. ݴ ǰ ü ۿ ȯ ʾҴٴ ̶ۡ Ѵ. ̿ ġ ʴ ڰ ̵Ǵ ִٸ鼭 ա̶ θ. ݴ 忡 ǽ Ÿ Ư ٱ ǰ ȫ .
뺧ȭл (Jean-Marie Lehn, 1939~) 1950 ߽ 귮 ø С ؼ ̲ η 1970 뺧ȭ α(Norman Ernest Borlaug, 1914~2009) ó źεǾٴ Ѵ. 뺧 ڵ ߴ. 츮 ̷ ൿ Ȳ ũ ٲ ̶ Ȯ Ѵ. GMO ν ٲٴ ǥٸ, Ƹ ̿ϴ ̴. 츮 ̷ ٰŸ ̼ ̵ ִ ȸ Ǹ ̲ ̴١ п ٰ ų ߴ.
DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
൨(Gregor Mendel, 1822~1884) θκ ڽĿ Ư Ǵ Ģ ǥ ش 1866̾. ϵ ̿ ൨ ߰ ʴ ڡ ۿ ʷ ̾, ÿ ٸ ָ ϴٰ װ 20 1900 Ŀ Ҵ. 1909 ũ Ĺ ︧ Ѽ(Wilhelm Johannsen, 1857~1927) Űü ڡ Īϴ (Gene) Ͽµ, ̴ ١ ̴.
Ÿ ⺻ ڴ 1928 ĸ ̱ ӽ Ʈ (Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1866~1945) ü Ư ġ 迭ȴٴ . ñ ǽ(Frederick Griffith. 1879~1941) ̿ Ǿ ȯ ų ִٴ ߰߰, 1944 ̹(Oswald Avery, 1877~1955) Ǵ DNA ˾Ƴ´.
DNA DNA ˾Ƴ ְ ۵Ǿ. ¸ڴ ۿ ڿ ӽ ӽ(James Dewey Watson, 1928~) ý ũ(Francis Harry Compton Crick, 1916~2004)̾. ̵ 1953 Ų(Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins, 1916~2004) Ŭ(Rosalind Franklin, 1920~1958) X- ̿Ͽ DNA 迭 ߽ ߳ Ͽ, Ų Բ 1962 ٻ ڱ ü ɿ 뺧л ϰ ȴ.
DNA ϴ ̰, ڴ Īϴ ü̸, ̷ ڸ ϴ DNA Ÿ ܹ 迭Ǿ ӿ ü Ѵ. ü ٸ, 46, ĸ 6, Ҵ 60, 78 ü ̳ ũ ϴ. Ĺ ߿ İ 16, 24, ڴ 48, ü Ư ãƳⰡ ƴ. ü ü ԵǾ ִ DNA Գ(Genome)̶ ϴµ, (Gene) ü(Chromosome) ռ 츮δ ü θ.
ü(Genome) Ե DNA 30 Ⱑ ߳ 迭Ǿ , ȿ ڴ 3 Ǿ ִ. ڴ ܹ ִ (Exon) ܹ Ʈ(Intron) Ǿ , ո ڶ θ 쵵 ְ, ո ڸ cDNA Ѵ. 쿡 պ Ʈ DNA ⼭ Ѵ. Ʈ ι(Richard John Roberts, 1943~) ʸ (Phillip Allen Sharp, 1944~) ߰Ͽ, ̵ 1993 뺧л Ͽ.
ȿҿ ȥ DNA
ڴ ü Ư¡ ϱ , ۹̳ ο Ϸ Ÿ Ư ڸ ü ؾ Ѵ. ڴ DNA ̹Ƿ, ᱹ DNA ϰ ϴ ۹̳ ü DNA ־ Ѵ.
Ư DNA ⼭ ü Ͽ DNA ϴ ȿ(Restriction Enzyme) ۿ 1962 Ƹ(Werner Arber, 1929~) ߰Ͽ, 1970 ع ̽(Hamilton Othanel Smith, 1931~) ȿҸ и Ͽ ȿҸ Ư DNA Ѵٴ ȮϿ. ٴϿ ̼(Daniel Nathans, 1928~1999) ̷ DNA ϰ Ͽ ϼϿ. Ƹ ̽ ̼ ȿ ߰߰ 뿬 θ 1978 뺧л Ͽ.
ȿҷ DNA ٸ DNA ȥ DNA 1972 (Paul Berg, 1926~) ʷ , ȥ DNA Ͽ δ ð ɸų Ұߴ ǰ Ȯϰ ְ Ǿ. ȥ DNA õ ٻ ȭ ״ 1980 뺧ȭл ϰ ȴ. ۹ ̹ 츮 Ź ߴ. 2015 ѱ 1,023 7õ 깰 , ǰδ , , , 丶, ȭ, ä ִ Ÿ.
: CRISPR/Cas9
ǰ ִ ü ܷ DNA ߴٴ ȯüκ ü ۿ ȯ ʾҴٴ ް ִ. ٸ ܷ ڸ ϴ ǰ ü ִ Ϻ ڸ ع ɱ? ̶ м 밡 ġ ߰ Ư ǰ ִ.
ĶϾƴ Ŭķ۽ ٿ峪(Jennifer Anne Doudna, 1964~) 2012 5 ũ(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR) RNA ǥ ڸ ãư Cas9̶ ȿҰ ڸ ϴ ƯϿ. ũ۴ ַ ϴ ̷κ θ Ű 鿪ý, ̷ DNA ⼭ յڰ (Palindromic) ־ ߴٰ ٸ ̷ ħϸ Cas9 ߶µ, ̸ ̴.
Ŭķ۽ Ư 2012 10 ε忬ҿ ñ Ͽ. Ư û Ǿ Ưϰ Ϲȿ Ͼ Ͽ. ѷ ǰ , ġ ü ȯ湮 Բ ֱ ϴ. ѱ, ֿ Ưû ̱ 2020 ̶ ̴.
а 2017 8ȣ_ COLUMN_ ʰп ǿȭ_ : ȯ
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